Open-loop motors previously working in this system elevated the temperature of fluids being pumped into the bioreactor. The higher temperatures, in turn, adversely affected biological processing times ...

In hydronic heating and cooling systems, circulator pumps move water or refrigerant throughout a closed-loop system in order to transfer energy from the source to the point of need. While older ...

Open-loop stepper motors have held a prominent position in automation applications over the years due to their simplicity, excellent positioning, and low cost. However, as manufacturers utilize faster ...

Open-loop current sensors have a definite price advantage over closed-loop counterparts. While you can use them in drive applications where torque accuracy isn't demanding — such as pump and fan ...