SEATTLE – For Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax, nothing beats the inside of a warm human or animal host for triggering an intense spurt of rapid growth and reproductive activity.

In biology, a spore is a reproductive structure, some of which are adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. The spores of seed plants, however, are ...

The life cycle of a mushroom is a little odd. As a biology teacher, I have to explain the cycle to my students, and I have settled on a starting point that makes the most sense: the spore. A fungal ...

Jan. 29 (UPI) --Like most lichen, reindeer lichen can reproduce both sexually and asexually, by sending out spores or simply cloning themselves. Previously, researchers assumed reindeer lichen, ...

Fern reproduction is so mysterious it remained wrapped in mystery and magic until the middle of the 19th century. The reason is that – unlike all other plants – ferns don’t flower and therefore ...

Figure 1: Sorting of variants of a polymorphic marker in single-spore cultures of Glomus. To distinguish between these two models, we devised three approaches. First, we investigated maintenance of ...

In a brilliant dance, a cornucopia of flowers, pinecones and acorns connected by wind, rain, insects and animals ensure the reproductive future of seed plants. But before plants achieved these ...